US Air Force revives hypersonic weapon program

In 2023, the US Air Force nearly halted the development of the AGM-183A hypersonic weapon, known as the Air-Launched Rapid Response Weapon (ARRW), due to repeated test failures. Instead, the force considered shifting focus to the Hypersonic Attack Cruise Missile (HACM), which uses a supersonic combustion ramjet.

Funding pause for ARRW program

The ARRW program, managed by Lockheed Martin, did not receive a funding request for the 2025 fiscal year. However, a final test a few months earlier provided valuable insights into the technology's potential. The ARRW relies on a propulsion system that accelerates a maneuverable glider, called the Tactical Boost Glide (TBG), to speeds over Mach 5.

Restart of ARRW development

In 2025, the US Air Force reversed its decision, citing the need to keep pace with Chinese and Russian hypersonic capabilities. The force requested $1.8 billion to fund both the ARRW and HACM programs. Since then, the ARRW has entered a new phase of development.

Contract awarded for ARRW production

On October 25, the US Air Force announced a $694 million contract with Lockheed Martin to begin production of the AGM-183A. The number of units and delivery timeline were not disclosed for security reasons. The Air Force described this as a "turning point" in its advanced weapons development.

Enhanced capabilities in development

A new version of the AGM-183A, called "Increment 2," is currently being developed. This version is expected to be able to target moving objects, such as ships, using a terminal autopilot and real-time data links. These systems must operate effectively despite the extreme heat of hypersonic flight.

Deployment limitations of AGM-183A

Due to its weight—over 2,200 kg—the AGM-183A can only be deployed by large strategic bombers like the B-52H "Stratofortress" and B-1 Lancer. This limits its operational flexibility compared to lighter weapons.