Cuba's Juraguá nuclear power plant, located along the southern coast between the Bay of Cienfuegos and a forest of reinforced concrete, has been abandoned for over thirty years. The project was initiated in 1983 with the Soviet Union but was halted in 1992 after the collapse of the USSR. At that time, the first reactor was more than 80 percent complete. An estimated $1.1 to $1.2 billion was invested in the construction before the project was officially abandoned in December 2000. Today, the Ciudad Nuclear, a city built to house up to 30,000 workers, has only about 7,000 residents, and the site remains off-limits to foreigners.
The Juraguá project began in the 1970s during the Cold War, when Cuba, isolated by the American embargo, sought to secure its electricity supply. In 1976, Havana signed an agreement with the USSR for the construction of a nuclear power plant modeled after Soviet designs. The site, chosen about 230 kilometers southeast of Havana in the province of Cienfuegos, was intended to install VVER-440 reactors, each capable of delivering 440 megawatts. Once both units were operational, the total output would have been 880 megawatts, covering between 15 and 20 percent of the island's electricity needs.
The supervision of the project was entrusted to Fidel Castro Díaz-Balart, nicknamed Fidelito, the eldest son of Fidel Castro and a nuclear physics graduate from Moscow. This choice was symbolic, aiming to make Juraguá a symbol of a scientifically sovereign Cuba. The Ciudad Nuclear, modeled after Pripyat, the Ukrainian city that housed workers at the Chernobyl nuclear plant, was to eventually house up to 30,000 employees with schools, housing, and infrastructure.
The first reactor, which had begun construction as early as 1982, reached over 80 percent completion in 1992, with civil engineering almost completed. The second reactor, however, was significantly behind, with only 15 percent of the work completed. Despite this progress, work stopped abruptly in 1992 due to the loss of Soviet financial and technical support. Fidel Castro removed his son from the project the same year.
Efforts to find third-party funding to complete at least the first reactor failed, as no investor was willing to take on the cost or political risks. In December 2000, Cuba and Russia officially announced the abandonment of the project. The site remains a symbol of an ambition broken by history, with the two massive containment domes still standing, frozen in time.
Cuba's Abandoned Juraguá Nuclear Plant Remains a Frozen Relic of Cold War Ambition
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