Leaders in the artificial intelligence sector are expressing growing concerns over the rapid pace of technological development and the potential risks it may pose. Recent incidents have sparked fears that AI systems—software designed to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence—are becoming harder to control. These systems, which can process information, make decisions, and even learn from experience, are advancing so quickly that some experts worry about unintended consequences. The debate over how to manage this progress has intensified, with differing views emerging from political and economic spheres. Donald Trump, who has long been skeptical of regulations on emerging technologies, has criticized the warnings as part of a "conspiracy" aimed at stifling innovation. In contrast, Chinese officials have dismissed the concerns as "alarmist propaganda," suggesting that the warnings are exaggerated or politically motivated. This divergence in perspectives reflects broader tensions around how to balance innovation with safety and ethical considerations in the development of AI. Financial markets have also taken notice of the growing uncertainty. Wall Street and Asian stock markets have seen declines in recent days, with investors expressing concern about the future of the AI sector. The fluctuation in market values highlights the economic stakes involved, as AI is seen as a key driver of future growth and technological advancement. However, the uncertainty surrounding its risks has led to caution among investors. To better understand the debate, we spoke with Philippe Barbet, an emeritus professor of economics at Sorbonne Paris Nord university and an associated researcher at the Iris think tank. Barbet has been following the evolution of AI and its implications for society and the economy. He explains that while the potential benefits of AI are vast, the risks—ranging from job displacement to security threats—cannot be ignored. The challenge, he says, lies in developing responsible frameworks that ensure AI serves humanity without leading to unintended harm.