The recent launch of the Spectrum rocket by the German startup Isar Aerospace from the Andøya base in Norway represents a major achievement as the first operational rocket developed in mainland Europe. This follows a previous failed attempt in March 2025. The aerospace industry continues to set ambitious goals, such as SpaceX's plan to launch 30 Starship rockets per day or the administration's aim under Trump to conduct more than 1,000 launches and space returns annually. However, these goals face significant geographical and physical constraints that must be addressed to establish any spaceport. Every rocket launch must consider the Earth's shape, which is generally spherical but slightly flattened at the poles. To escape Earth's gravity and enter orbit, a rocket must exceed an orbital speed of approximately 8 km/s (28,800 km/h). The intensity of gravity varies between the equator and the poles due to the Earth's rotation, which induces centrifugal forces and causes the Earth's shape to be more similar to an ellipsoid than a sphere. According to Eric Bourgeois, a senior expert in space transportation systems at the National Center for Space Studies (CNES), the Earth's rotation provides a natural boost for rockets, with the Earth rotating at 1,674 km/h at the equator and zero at the poles. This rotational speed can significantly impact a rocket's performance, often referred to as the "slingshot effect." The trajectory followed by a rocket is also crucial. Spaceports are designed to place satellites into specific orbits, such as geostationary orbits. The inclination of the satellite's orbit can significantly impact the performance of the launcher. The ideal launch latitude minimizes the consumption of propellants and often corresponds to the inclination required for a satellite. High latitude launch bases, such as the Norwegian site of Andøya, are optimal for missions requiring significant orbital inclination. Low latitude sites, like the Kourou space center in French Guiana, allow for reaching various orbital inclinations, enabling more launches. Installing a spaceport also requires protective measures for inhabited areas and property. The trajectory of the launcher is designed to account for the fall of rocket stages after separation or possible failures during flight. This final phase is actively monitored. Most spaceports are located in coastal areas, such as Florida, California, or French Guiana, to mitigate risks. The law relating to space operations enacted in 2008 imposes safety measures for people and property, particularly at the Kourou site. Currently, there are about thirty active spaceports globally, with their distribution taking into account various aspects such as performance, preservation, logistical constraints, meteorology, geological stability, land expansion, and political stability. Developing a launch base is expensive, necessitating a balance between these numerous constraints.