A population of water deer (Hydropotes inermis), originally found in China and Korea, was introduced to France in the 1960s when a few individuals escaped from a private animal park in the Limousin region. These deer are unique in that they do not have antlers, instead possessing long canine teeth, which have led to them being nicknamed "vampire deer." Despite their initial presence in France, the species is no longer found in the country's natural environment, according to official tracking databases for introduced species. However, the National Museum of Natural History acknowledges the historical presence of water deer in France, noting that while they were once there, they are no longer observed in the wild. Water deer are adapted to wetland environments and primarily feed on aquatic plants. They are also capable swimmers, able to move between islands if needed. Their reproductive strategy is distinctive, as they can give birth to as many as six to eight young in a single litter. However, this high reproductive potential is offset by a high juvenile mortality rate, which exceeds 40%. This means that while they can reproduce in large numbers, many young deer do not survive to adulthood. Although the water deer population in France is no longer present in the natural environment, the species remains under surveillance as part of the OFB-FNC-FDC ungulate network. This network monitors various non-native ungulates (hoofed mammals) in France, ensuring that any potential ecological impacts are assessed. France has seen other instances of exotic deer species escaping from private facilities, such as the Reeves' muntjac. This species, originally from Asia, is now officially classified as an invasive exotic species in France, indicating that it has established itself in the wild and may have negative effects on local ecosystems. The case of the water deer highlights the broader issue of non-native species being introduced to new environments, often due to escapes from private collections. While some of these species may not establish themselves long-term, others, like the Reeves' muntjac, can become invasive and require management. Monitoring and tracking these species are essential for understanding their impact on local biodiversity and ecosystems.