In India, economic sanctions imposed on Russia and Iran have had a notable effect on the transportation and trade sectors. These sanctions are typically introduced by foreign governments to influence political or economic behavior, and they can disrupt international trade. At the end of September, US President Donald Trump reinstated tariffs on Russian goods, which further complicated trade dynamics. These measures not only affect Russia but also countries that rely on trade with Moscow, including India. India has continued to import oil from Russia despite these sanctions. This decision comes amid ongoing geopolitical tensions, including the war in the Middle East and the strategic importance of the Strait of Hormuz, a crucial waterway for global oil trade. The closure or disruption of this strait could significantly impact the flow of oil and other goods, making diversification of trade routes increasingly important for India. Olivier Da Lage, a former journalist with RFI and an expert on Indian affairs, has written about these challenges in his recent articles for the Institute of International and Strategic Relations (Iris). He highlights how India is actively seeking to develop alternative trade routes to reduce its dependence on traditional shipping lanes. This effort is part of a broader strategy to enhance economic resilience and ensure a more stable supply of essential goods. India's approach to diversifying its trade routes reflects its broader economic and strategic goals. By exploring new shipping corridors and strengthening partnerships with other countries, India aims to mitigate the risks posed by geopolitical tensions and sanctions. These efforts are crucial as the country continues to balance its energy needs with the complexities of international trade.