In medieval France, animals—especially pigs—were brought before local courts in legal procedures as serious as those used for humans, according to historical records. These trials, which included arrests, judgments, and even executions, were part of the legal system of the time. In 1457 in the village of Savigny, a sow was condemned to death for allegedly killing a child, while its piglets were found not responsible. Similar cases occurred in other parts of the country, such as in Saint-Marcel-lès-Jussey in 1379, where a group of pigs killed the child of a pig farmer, and in Falaise in 1386, where a sow fatally attacked a young boy. These were not isolated events but reflected a real and recognized danger that rural communities faced. During the Middle Ages, pigs often lived semi-wild in villages, which made them capable of seriously injuring or even killing unsupervised young children. This context shows that these trials were based on a real and identifiable threat to rural populations. The legal proceedings involving animals served not only to address the immediate danger but also to investigate potential human negligence or faults that might have led to the child’s death. Since the murder of a child was a serious crime, the courts used these trials to uncover any human involvement that might have been hidden behind the animal’s actions. In some cases, these trials also revealed suspicions that parents might have intentionally placed an unwanted child near the pigs, disguising an act of infanticide as an animal-related accident. The trial of the pig, then, became a way to redirect legal attention toward possible human wrongdoing rather than simply punishing the animal. This approach highlights a more complex understanding of justice in medieval society, one that was not merely based on folklore or superstition but on real concerns and investigations. These historical cases show that medieval justice was more nuanced than it might seem. While the idea of animals standing trial might sound unusual today, it was a practical response to a real problem. The trials reflected the need to hold people accountable for their actions, whether directly or indirectly, and to ensure that the law addressed all possible causes of a child's death. This system, though strange by modern standards, reveals how medieval communities sought to balance justice, responsibility, and the dangers of rural life.