Nutrient and ingredient analysis of nut spreads

A study by Elsa Abdoun and Domitille Vey analyzed 30 nut-based spreads, including peanut, walnut, pistachio, and almond spreads, as well as walnut and cocoa-based products like Nutella. The analysis covered nutritional content, ingredients, and packaging information to assess additives, aromatic substances, and health claims.

Contaminants found in nut spreads

The study tested for several contaminants, including five trace metals: arsenic, cadmium, nickel, lead, and mercury. Cadmium is classified as carcinogenic and may be mutagenic and reprotoxic, with increased exposure noted by the National Agency for Food Safety (Anses) in 2026.

Health risks from specific contaminants

Chronic exposure to nickel could affect reproduction and development, while lead exposure can cause neurotoxicity in children and health issues in adults. Arsenic, a genotoxic and carcinogenic substance, was also found, with the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) noting a public health concern in 2024.

Regulation of chemical contaminants

The study also searched for free 3-MCPD and glycidol esters, which are genotoxic and carcinogenic. European regulations set maximum levels for these substances in vegetable oils but not in processed products, leaving some products potentially at risk.

Mineral oil risks in nut spreads

The study analyzed mineral oils, including MOSH and MOAH, with MOAH considered more dangerous and suspected of being carcinogenic. Anses recommends limiting exposure to MOAH, and a European regulation imposing limits on MOAH in certain foods was enacted in 2026.

Mycotoxin testing in nut spreads

Mycotoxins, such as ochratoxin A and aflatoxins, were tested as well. These toxins are genotoxic and carcinogenic, and European regulations set maximum levels for them in nuts, peanuts, almonds, pistachios, and walnuts.

Chemical residues from plant protection products

A multi-residue analysis detected over 700 substances used in plant protection products. Some of these substances are endocrine disruptors, carcinogens, or toxic to reproduction. Others are PFAS, which are persistent environmental pollutants.

Consumer taste evaluation of nut spreads

For walnut and cocoa spreads, a panel of 60 trained consumers evaluated the spreads based on appearance, smell, taste, texture, and overall appreciation. Consumer preferences and willingness to consume the products again were noted, though this criterion is not used in the overall product rating.