Starting from June 15, 2026, Wegovy (semaglutide) and Mounjaro (tirzepatide), two injectable drugs for obesity, are partially reimbursed in outpatient care at 65%, but only under certain conditions. These include maintaining a nutritional treatment and engaging in adapted physical activity during the treatment period. Mounjaro is also reimbursed for type 2 diabetes, a condition often associated with obesity. To qualify, patients must be at least 18 years old, have a body mass index (BMI) of 40 kg/m² or higher, or a BMI of 35 kg/m² with a comorbidity such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, or lower back pain. Patients must have previously failed a structured nutritional program (with less than 5% weight loss after six months) and must increase their physical activity. The first prescription must be issued by a physician recognized as an "expert in the management of obesity," typically specialists in endocrinology-diabetology-nutrition from university hospitals or specialized obesity centers. Renewals can be handled by any physician. Wegovy and Mounjaro are peptides that mimic the action of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1), a hormone secreted by the intestines. These drugs are known as "GLP-1 analogs" or "GLP-1 receptor agonists." They slow the emptying of the stomach, reduce appetite, and promote a feeling of fullness. Mounjaro also targets GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide), making it more potent. The choice between Wegovy and Mounjaro depends on the prescriber, considering effectiveness, tolerance, and the patient's out-of-pocket costs. Mounjaro is more effective and better tolerated in terms of gastrointestinal side effects, while Wegovy has lower out-of-pocket costs. Clinical trials have shown that these medications are effective, with an average weight loss of about 15% in one year with Wegovy (at 2.4 mg in the STEP-1 trial) and 15 to 21% with Mounjaro (from 5 to 15 mg in the SURMONT-1 trial). However, a small number of patients may lose little weight, and treatment should be stopped if weight loss is less than 5% within six to twelve months after starting at the maximum tolerated dose. Weight loss tends to be slightly better in women, but the difference is small, and effectiveness is reduced in those with type 2 diabetes. The therapeutic goal is not only weight loss but also an improvement in overall quality of life. These drugs have been available in several countries for several years, following extensive preclinical and clinical research. They belong to the family of incretin mimetics, a class of drugs that has existed for some time (the precursor, Byetta, entered the American market in 2005). Initially developed as anti-diabetic drugs, they were found to cause significant weight loss, leading to the use of stronger doses for obesity. This class of drugs has been shown to be cardioprotective, unlike some previous obesity drugs that were harmful to the heart. The main side effects of these drugs are digestive, including nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, and sometimes constipation. These effects are most common during the initial phase of increasing the dose and usually subside over time. Extra caution is needed in cases of significant and rapid weight loss, as it could indicate gastrointestinal intolerance, unknown eating disorders, or excessive reduction in food intake. There is also a risk of reduced muscle mass and function (sarcopenia), especially in older patients, and an increased risk of gallstones due to the slowing of the intestines. Using these drugs is not a substitute for lifestyle changes, but they are more effective than obesity surgery or changes in dietary behavior. However, medical treatment cannot cure the underlying causes of obesity. A working group on obesity drug treatments recommends avoiding temporary prescriptions, but some patients may maintain or preserve significant weight loss after stopping treatment. The SURMOUNT-4 study showed that patients who participated in the trial for six months retained at least 80% of their initial weight loss after stopping Mounjaro. An oral form of semaglutide is expected to become available soon, offering a less effective formula for weight loss but potentially helping to consolidate initial results.