Emmanuel Macron has proposed a European-wide ban on social media access for individuals under the age of 15, following the rejection of a similar French measure by the Constitutional Council. Several European governments have expressed support for age-based restrictions, with proposed thresholds ranging from 14 to 16 years of age, and differing views on exceptions. Spain and the Netherlands have also proposed extending these restrictions to video games and AI companions that may pose risks to minors. The European negotiation will need to balance the age of access, the rights of minors, and the design of digital products. The Digital Services Act already allows for intervention in the design of platforms, but the French proposal would add a common age of access, specify the services concerned, or make certain restrictions more explicit.
In a letter dated August 29, revealed by Le Monde on September 8, Macron requested Ursula von der Leyen, the President of the European Commission, to draft a European text banning access to social media for those under 15. He aims to revise the censored French measure by the Constitutional Council this autumn, with support from the Commission’s services. The letter links the restriction to measures on products, such as regulating addictive features, default protections, and time usage limits. The French position combines access control with interventions on mechanisms that prolong usage, which gives the debate its industrial significance. Setting an age determines who can use a platform, while regulating notifications or recommendations determines what the platform can design to retain the user.
The governments supporting European intervention must agree on how to combine these two instruments. While France has set a deadline to complete the reform before spring 2027, other countries have different proposals. Greece supports the same threshold as France, with a planned implementation by January 1, 2027. Spain sets the limit at 16 years of age, while Austria has proposed a ban for those under 14. Poland and Slovenia have also proposed similar measures targeting those under 15. Denmark, however, has set a threshold of 15 years of age, with some flexibility on parental consent. Harmonizing these approaches will be crucial to avoid multiple national controls and provide a unified European framework.
Spain and the Netherlands have expanded the negotiation to include products such as video games and AI companions. A joint note circulated on September 11 requests a harmonized minimum age, control at the Union level, and an approach that covers services presenting risks. The note also considers exemptions for providers that can demonstrate their service is sufficiently safe. It expresses reservations about the use of parental consent due to implementation difficulties and privacy risks. The age restriction would be linked to a product evaluation, opening negotiations on what features to evaluate, according to what criteria, and under what control. Germany and Estonia have also expressed support for age limits combined with obligations for providers, while the United Kingdom, outside the Union, has proposed a ban for those under 16, with restrictions on live streaming and contacts with strangers.
European Leaders Propose Age Restrictions for Social Media Access for Minors
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