Exactly twenty years ago, under the presidency of Jacques Chirac, the law of February 11, 2005, transformed the policy on disability in France. It defined and recognized five major categories of disabilities: motor, sensory, cognitive, mental, and psychiatric, as well as chronic disabling illnesses. Known as the "handicap law," this text was based on four priorities: accessibility, the right to compensation, education for all, and professional integration for people with disabilities. This legislation aimed to ensure that people with disabilities could participate more fully in French society. In 2022, in France, according to the definition used, the number of children and adults with disabilities aged five years or older, living at home or in institutions, was estimated to be between 5.7 and 18.2 million people. Approximately 80% of them have invisible disabilities. Despite the efforts made, the integration of people with disabilities into our contemporary societies remains below the progress achieved in other areas. This highlights the ongoing challenges in creating truly inclusive environments for people with disabilities. For about fifteen years, archaeological anthropology has seized on physical difference as a major research theme, particularly through the exploration of paleopathology. Although this approach remains relatively unknown, it fully resonates with contemporary issues such as inclusion, the place of people with disabilities in our societies, and the perception of difference. This field examines how ancient societies treated individuals with physical or mental conditions, offering insights into how attitudes toward disability have evolved over time. Valérie Delattre, an archaeo-anthropologist at the Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), is a specialist in funerary and cultural practices from the Protohistory to the Middle Ages. About fifteen years ago, while she was questioning the meaning of her work, she met in an associative context the Paralympic champion Riyadh Sallem, who is amputee of both legs. He asked her then what daily life could have been like in the past for someone like him, in a situation of disability. This question marked a turning point in the career of the archaeo-anthropologist, who has since devoted herself to a new field of research: the archaeology of disability. Since then, Valérie Delattre has published several books on the history of disability and difference, including Handicap : quand l'archéologie nous éclaire, published in 2018. The archaeology of disability allows for a retrospective individual diagnosis and characterizes the observed afflictions. In Construire une archéologie éclairée des handicaps, Valérie Delattre specifies that the "archaeological" disability must be visible on the bony part and have constituted an impediment for the individual. Some, such as mental or psychiatric disabilities, however, escape identification by archaeo-anthropology. The study of the past also sheds light on human behaviors towards the vulnerability of their own and seeks to determine whether disabled individuals were cared for, rejected, treated, supported, or equipped. Valérie Delattre's work bridges the gap between ancient practices and modern discussions on inclusion and care.