Between the late 1950s and the mid-1960s, the U.S. Army built an underground city in Greenland, officially presented as a scientific laboratory dedicated to the study of permafrost and extreme Arctic conditions. This base, known as Camp Century, was constructed in the northwest of Greenland, approximately 200 kilometers from the Thule Air Base, a major strategic point at the time for monitoring the Soviet Union over the North Pole. Camp Century was built as early as 1959 and was powered by a portable nuclear reactor, a technological feat for the time intended to demonstrate the ability of the United States to live and work sustainably under the ice cap. The base included galleries carved directly into the ice, a network of heated tunnels, laboratories, dormitories, and even a cinema to occupy the soldiers during the long polar months.
The true mission of Camp Century, however, was never completed and remained classified for over thirty years. It concealed a military project known as Iceworm, intended to deploy 600 nuclear missiles under the Greenland ice. The Pentagon's ambition was to build a tunnel system extending nearly 4,000 kilometers under the Greenland ice, allowing the deployment of up to 600 nuclear missiles capable of reaching Soviet territory in the event of a major conflict. The project involved a missile called Iceman, a modified version of the famous intercontinental Minuteman missile, with a range of approximately 3,300 miles, or more than 5,300 kilometers. The Iceworm project also planned to expand the existing installation by an additional 52,000 square miles, an area equivalent to three times the size of Denmark, to install 60 missile firing control centers.
Despite its ambitious scope, the Iceworm project encountered challenges from the ice itself. The Greenland ice cap did not behave as a stable and predictable material, leading to deformation of the tunnels and increasing danger to the installation. In 1966, the Iceworm project was canceled, and Camp Century was abandoned in 1967 due to these unstable ice conditions. The base remains under dozens of meters of compacted snow, and scientists are concerned that global warming could cause the melting of the ice cap, potentially resurfacing radioactive waste left behind, including radioactive cooling liquid from the nuclear reactor.
The existence of the Iceworm project and the true nature of Camp Century were revealed in 1995 during an investigation conducted by the Danish Institute of Foreign Affairs on the history of the use and storage of nuclear weapons in Greenland. This revelation caused a diplomatic shock between Washington and Copenhagen. Denmark had approved the visible plans of Camp Century but had never been aware of its hidden military dimension. Camp Century remains a striking symbol of the Cold War, where geopolitics was played out even in the most remote depths of the planet.
U.S. Cold War Base Camp Century and the Iceworm Project Revealed
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