A report by QuotaClimat and the Jean-Jaurès Foundation, published on October 5, found 63 cases of climate misinformation on the French news channel CNews in July 2025. This accounts for 64% of all cases identified across four continuous news channels, including BFMTV, LCI, and Franceinfo. The report's authors note that 67% of the cases on CNews were attributed to journalists or commentators. QuotaClimat has filed a complaint with Arcom, France's audiovisual regulatory authority, to request a formal warning about the diversity of information and the accuracy of reporting. CNews has rejected the report's findings, calling its methodology into question and stating that environmental topics are regularly covered on its programming. In the debate over the nature of the content broadcast, three terms—misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation—are used to describe different types of false or misleading information. These terms can be distinguished by two main factors: the truth of the information and the intent of the person sharing it. Misinformation refers to the sharing of false or inaccurate information without the person realizing it is incorrect. According to a 2024 report by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), this occurs when someone spreads false information without knowing it and without the intention to deceive the public. For example, a person might share a false health alert received from a friend, believing it to be accurate. Even though the person is acting in good faith, the information can still cause harm, as noted by the Belgian National Crisis Center. Disinformation, on the other hand, involves a deliberate effort to deceive. The OECD defines it in a 2020 publication as the "deliberate dissemination of false information or information likely to cause confusion with the intention to deceive." This could include someone fabricating a false municipal notice about a school closure to mislead the public. If another person shares this document believing it to be real, they would be considered to be spreading misinformation. The goals of disinformation can vary, ranging from influencing public opinion to achieving financial gain. The Belgian Crisis Center also notes that disinformation can include true facts mixed with false elements, so it does not always rely on a completely fabricated story. Finally, malinformation involves the use of true information to cause harm. The Council of Europe defines it as "information based on real facts, used to cause harm." An example provided by the Belgian National Crisis Center is the sharing of private or intimate images, which are real but shared with the intent to damage the individual involved. Unlike disinformation, which is based on false content, malinformation relies on accurate facts but is used with malicious intent. Distinguishing between these types of information requires not only verifying the accuracy of the facts but also examining the intent behind their dissemination. A piece of false information does not automatically prove an intention to deceive, and accurate information can still be used to cause harm.