A newly discovered star, named S4716, has been found orbiting the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, known as Sagittarius A*. This star moves at an astonishing speed of about 8,000 kilometers per second, completing a full orbit around the black hole in just four years. This is the shortest orbital period ever recorded for a star in the immediate vicinity of Sagittarius A*, which is located in the constellation Sagittarius.
S4716 follows a highly elongated, or elliptical, orbit that brings it as close as 15 billion kilometers to Sagittarius A*. At such a distance, the intense gravitational forces from the black hole could be expected to tear the star apart. However, S4716 remains intact, which has puzzled scientists. The star's orbit has an eccentricity of 0.75, meaning it swings very close to the black hole before moving far away again, reaching up to 100 billion kilometers from the black hole at its farthest point.
The discovery of S4716 was made through a combination of observations from five different telescopes over a period of 20 years. These instruments included NIRC2, OSIRIS, SINFONI, NACO, and GRAVITY, which allowed researchers to track the star's motion with great precision. The star's extreme orbit provides an opportunity to study relativistic effects, such as the Lense-Thirring precession, which is a prediction of Einstein’s theory of general relativity that describes how a rotating massive object can drag spacetime around it.
This discovery has raised new questions about the survival of S4716 in such an extreme environment. Scientists are now considering the star's mass, density, and the specific configuration of its orbit that might allow it to endure the intense gravitational forces near Sagittarius A*. Additionally, the existence of S4716 challenges previous assumptions that the region around the black hole was fully mapped. It suggests that other stars with similarly extreme orbits may still be hidden near Sagittarius A*, waiting to be discovered.
Newly Discovered Star S4716 Orbits Milky Way's Black Hole at Record Speed
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