On April 8, 2025, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) officially recognized diabetes related to malnutrition as type 5 diabetes. This newly classified condition is poorly diagnosed and remains largely understudied, primarily affecting the world's poorest populations. It is estimated that between 20 and 25 million people globally, mostly in low-income countries in Africa and Asia, may be living with type 5 diabetes. However, due to a lack of awareness and diagnostic tools, many of these individuals are misdiagnosed with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes, which can lead to ineffective or even harmful treatments. Type 5 diabetes is distinct from the more commonly known types of diabetes. Unlike type 1 diabetes, which is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks its own insulin-producing cells, or type 2 diabetes, which is often linked to lifestyle factors such as obesity and physical inactivity, type 5 diabetes is primarily caused by chronic malnutrition. This form of diabetes is often seen in populations experiencing severe food insecurity, where individuals may consume insufficient calories or lack essential nutrients, leading to metabolic imbalances and impaired glucose regulation. The recognition of type 5 diabetes by the IDF marks a significant step in understanding the diverse ways in which diabetes can manifest. It highlights the need for improved diagnostic tools and greater awareness among healthcare providers, especially in regions where malnutrition is prevalent. Researchers and medical professionals are now working to develop better methods for identifying and treating this condition, which could lead to more effective care for millions of people in vulnerable communities. This development also underscores the broader issue of health disparities, as type 5 diabetes is closely linked to poverty and food insecurity. Addressing this form of diabetes will require not only medical interventions but also efforts to improve access to nutritious food and basic healthcare services in affected regions. The IDF has called for increased global collaboration to support research, education, and policy changes aimed at reducing the burden of type 5 diabetes on the world's most vulnerable populations.