Inrap, a French archaeological institute, uses geophysical detection methods to support archaeological research. The institute's geophysics unit, created in 2015, includes three geophysicists specialized in archaeology and 19 field agents trained in data acquisition, operating across the French territory. Since its establishment, the unit has conducted 550 studies, with 460 of those taking place since 2015. The unit employs several geophysical methods, including electrical, magnetic, radar, and low-frequency electromagnetic techniques, each designed to detect different types of archaeological features.
The electrical method involves injecting an electric current into the ground to detect resistivity anomalies, which can indicate the presence of hard remains such as walls and foundations. The magnetic method measures the Earth's magnetic field to identify magnetization contrasts, useful for detecting hollow remains and heated structures. Radar methods offer high spatial resolution and are particularly effective in urban contexts where hard coverings do not affect measurements. The low-frequency electromagnetic method is used for geomorphological characterization and detecting forge areas on cleared surfaces.
Inrap has developed an open-source QGIS plugin called the Archaeological Geophysics Toolbox (AGT) to process data from various geophysical surveys. Additionally, the ArchEM project focuses on implementing low-frequency electromagnetic methods for archaeological structures, aiming to highlight their potential in preventive archaeology. These tools and projects help archaeologists better understand and preserve historical sites without the need for invasive excavation.
Multispectral imaging is another technique being explored, using specific light spectrum bands to provide complementary images of archaeological sites. This method can detect anthropogenic signatures such as phosphates, heated areas, and ferrous micro-debris, which are often not easily visible to the human eye. Inrap continues to research and develop these geophysical methods through various projects and collaborations, aiming to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of archaeological investigations.
Inrap Advances Archaeological Research Through Geophysical Methods
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Original sources:
- 🇫🇷Inrap



