France to study land-based missiles

France has confirmed plans to begin studies as early as 2026 for the development of conventional land-based ballistic missiles with a range of up to 2,500 km. These missiles are intended to contribute to deep strike capabilities, with an initial operational capability expected by 2030-31. The goal is to enhance strategic military options without directly targeting opposing forces on the battlefield.

Inter-service collaboration

The initiative is described as an inter-service effort, meaning it involves coordination across different branches of the military. General Pierre Schill, who previously led the Army, emphasized that the program would not be confined to one service but would integrate multiple military domains. However, the specific branch responsible for operating the missiles has not yet been determined.

Strategic and conventional balance

General Jacques de Montgros, the current Chief of Staff of the Army, highlighted the growing need for conventional forces that can act below the nuclear threshold. He argued that maintaining credible deterrence requires both nuclear and conventional military capabilities. This perspective aligns with previous statements from his predecessor, indicating a consistent strategic outlook.

Air Force prefers mobility

General Jérôme Bellanger, the Chief of Staff of the Air and Space Force, has expressed a preference for air-launched missiles over land-based systems. He argues that air-launched missiles offer greater mobility and flexibility compared to land-based missiles, which are more static. This view has remained unchanged despite no current funding for air-launched missile development.

Army to lead development

Deputy Anna Pic’s budgetary opinion suggests the Army is likely to take the lead in developing this capability. The updated Military Programming Act includes plans to initiate studies in 2026, with a risk assessment study to be submitted to ArianeGroup by autumn 2026. The operational deployment of the missiles is expected to begin in 2028, aiming to improve the Army’s ability to conduct deep strikes in complex combat environments.