Mental health claims often rejected as workplace accidents

Mental health issues linked to work are often submitted to the Cafat as "workplace accidents," but many are rejected because they should be classified as "occupational diseases," according to reports. The Cafat's data show a significant number of claims submitted to the social insurance fund do not result in coverage.

Rejection rates show a trend over recent years

In 2025, 37 claims were rejected, compared to 33 recognized accidents with leave, while in 2023, 38 were rejected, 63 in 2021, 59 in 2019, and 46 in 2018. The reason for rejection is that the cases do not meet the criteria for a workplace accident, which requires a sudden and unexpected event with physical injury observed by a doctor. Examples include the shock of a receptionist after receiving insults from a violent customer.

Occupational diseases face recognition challenges

Burnout and moral harassment are considered occupational diseases, which develop over time due to prolonged exposure. However, in New Caledonia, the rate of recognized mental health occupational diseases is 0%, with none reported in 2023 and 2024, according to Olivier Marion, head of the prevention of occupational risks section at the Cafat. This is described as an abnormal result for decades.

Strict rules govern mental health recognition

The recognition of mental health issues as occupational diseases follows strict rules. There is currently no list of occupational diseases corresponding to psychosocial risks, so it is necessary to establish "a partial permanent disability" exceeding 25%. This is the case when at least two of the four criteria are met: suicide attempt or hospitalization in psychiatry; antidepressant treatment for more than one month; an episode lasting more than six months; significant problems with concentration, absence of projects, or self-devaluation.

Investigations and medical evaluations are required

An investigation called a materiality check is then conducted by the Cafat with questionnaires and interviews of both parties. Then, the territorial committee for the recognition of occupational diseases, composed of doctors, must decide on the coverage, with the expertise of medical control, occupational medicine, and an independent psychiatrist. An appeal is possible, but the administrative procedure is lengthy.

Mental health symptoms are increasing among workers

Paramedical professionals report seeing an increase in patients with symptoms such as chest oppression, stomach aches, insomnia, teeth grinding, and back pain, often on the brink of depression. This trend intensified with the pandemic and the riots in 2024. The typical profile of affected employees is aged 30 to 50 years, with causes including workload due to understaffing, conflicts between employees, pressure from managers, and fear of losing their jobs.

Workplace changes and uncertainty increase stress

The closure of companies, lack of jobs, and reorganization of tasks after the departure of many employees have increased workplace distress. Sleep disorders, anxiety, and alcohol consumption are among the manifestations of this suffering, according to Paul Deligny, a clinical occupational psychologist. He notes that the riots of 2024 created a "real time bomb on a psychological level," with many people delaying consultation until they experienced deep suffering.

Uncertainty and job loss fuel anxiety

Paul Deligny reports an increase in anxiety, fueled by uncertainty about job security and the future of New Caledonia. Employees often have colleagues who have lost their jobs, contributing to a collective sense of uncertainty. While he does not have data on antidepressant and anxiolytic use, he notes a rise in sleep disorders caused by worry, leading to attention and memory problems, and increasing risks of accidents and drowsiness.

Stress and alcohol use are on the rise

He also observes a rise in alcohol addiction, with more employers reporting positive alcohol tests due to the belief in New Caledonia that alcohol can relieve stress. Firefighters, police officers, and caregivers are particularly affected by workplace distress, often facing values conflicts with the public. Employers and managers are also affected, especially in small businesses where personal relationships with employees complicate layoffs.

Workplace distress manifests in various symptoms

Symptoms of workplace distress include difficulty concentrating, anxiety, loss of motivation, migraines, and physical pain. Employees may also experience crying spells, aggression, or irritation, and may be in a state of deep exhaustion without realizing it. Companies are increasingly seeking psychological support, with some organizing discussion groups to address work-related stress and prevent external conflicts from affecting the workplace.

Workplace culture is adapting to new challenges

Paul Deligny notes that mediation workshops have become more frequent, as political comments and jokes among colleagues are no longer accepted as before. Employers are also focusing on managing stress and uncertainty for their employees.