Mars moon mission begins in 2015
The year 2015 marks the 50th anniversary of NASA’s first successful Mars missions, starting with the Mariner 4 probe in 1965. Since then, NASA has launched 15 robotic missions to Mars, preparing the way for future human exploration.French rover targets Phobos
A French-built robot named Idefix is set to land on Phobos, one of Mars’ two moons, to conduct scientific research in microgravity. It is part of the Japanese space agency Jaxa’s MMX (Martian Moons eXploration) mission.Idefix’s landing and mobility
Idefix, a 23-kilogram rover, will be released from the MMX probe during a landing rehearsal at about 40 meters above Phobos. It will free-fall to the surface, likely bouncing before settling. It will then use an autonomous system to right itself and orient its mobility system, regardless of its initial position.Design for harsh conditions
Idefix is built to last at least 100 days, helping secure the landing of the MMX probe and collect samples to return to Earth. It must endure fluctuating microgravity and extreme temperatures, using thermal insulation and solar panels to power its systems.Mobility system details
The rover’s mobility system includes four wheels on independent legs, designed to function in the extremely low gravity of Phobos. Its movement speed is limited to 1 mm/s to avoid tipping during sudden stops. The wheels and legs work together to navigate loose regolith and adjust for potential obstacles.Communication and control
Idefix’s operations are managed by two centers: the French CNES in Toulouse and the German DLR in Cologne. All commands and data must be relayed through the MMX probe and Jaxa ground stations due to the lack of direct communication with Earth.Scientific instruments on board
Idefix carries four instruments: stereoscopic cameras for mapping, cameras to study wheel-regolith interaction, a Raman spectrometer for mineral analysis, and a thermal radiometer to measure surface properties. These tools support the MMX mission’s goals and complement data from the probe itself.Scientific goals and significance
The rover’s data will provide insights into Phobos’ regolith, surface processes, and composition. This information will help understand the moon’s origin and evolution and guide the MMX probe’s landing and sample collection.Mission success criteria
The Idefix mission aims to achieve the first landing and automatic righting on Phobos, move in microgravity, secure the MMX landing site, and conduct key scientific measurements. These objectives will demonstrate new technologies and contribute to future Mars moon exploration.
