Archaeologists find medieval church in Greenland

Near Brattahlíð, the historic settlement of Erik the Red in southern Greenland, archaeologists discovered a medieval church this summer. The find confirms the existence of a church built by Scandinavian settlers, likely after the Viking era, and suggests more such structures may be uncovered.

Church as a symbol of power

The church is considered a key element of the Viking expansion in Greenland. More than a place of worship, it served as a symbol of power and authority, reflecting the influence of Scandinavian settlers in the region.

Evidence from a burial site

Excavations this summer uncovered a skeleton with the head oriented east, a traditional Christian burial practice. This confirms that the site included a cemetery and that the central structure was indeed a church, according to Christian Edelfelt Koch Madsen, an archaeologist involved in the research.

Dating the church's construction

Based on the burial position, the size of the central building, and the presence of carved stones, archaeologists estimate the church was built between 1100 and 1300. This places it in the Middle Ages and suggests it was larger and used for a longer period than previously discovered churches.

Link to medieval texts

The church may correspond to a site mentioned in medieval texts as "Kirkja undir Sólarfjöllum," or "the church under the sunny mountains." The surrounding area, near an ice cap, is often sunny, supporting the connection.

Multiple churches in one area

The Qinngua church is close to Brattahlíð, the main settlement of Erik the Red. Researchers suggest that six churches existed in this area, though only three were in use until the Middle Ages. This implies competition among settlers to build churches as a display of power and status.

Future research and significance

Researchers aim to determine the exact construction date and use of the Qinngua church, as well as its connection to nearby farms. These findings could shed light on how Scandinavian communities in Greenland functioned before their sudden departure, possibly linked to climate change.