The National Nutrition and Health Program (PNNS), launched 25 years ago to help reduce diet-related illnesses, has faced challenges in achieving its goals. Recently, the General Inspectorate for Social Affairs (Igas) criticized the program in 2025, saying its guidelines—like the well-known recommendation to eat five servings of fruits and vegetables daily—were not clear or effective enough. The report also pointed to a lack of political support and called for improvements. Mathilde Touvier, the program's new president, has emphasized her commitment to incorporating independent scientific research and the latest findings into the PNNS's decision-making. Touvier is a researcher at the CRESS-EREN laboratory, which started the NutriNet-Santé project. This long-term study has collected data from over 180,000 French participants since 2009, tracking their food intake, physical activity, and lifestyle choices. In recent years, she also held the public health chair at the prestigious Collège de France. One major issue discussed is the "obesogenic environment," a term referring to surroundings that encourage overeating and discourage physical activity. This includes the widespread availability of unhealthy foods, aggressive marketing, fast-food restaurants, and sedentary lifestyles. The rise of ultra-processed foods—products high in sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats—has been linked to increased health risks, such as obesity and heart disease. Touvier acknowledged the role of individual choices in health but argued that the food supply itself needs improvement. She suggested regulating advertising for unhealthy products, similar to restrictions on tobacco and alcohol. However, these proposals have faced resistance from the food industry, even though tools like the Nutri-Score—France's nutritional labeling system—have strong scientific backing. In 2024, major junk food companies spent more than four times the World Health Organization's annual advertising budget. While some companies have voluntarily improved their products, such as reducing sugar in drinks, these efforts have had limited success. The IGAS report estimated that the cost of poor diets in France reached 20 billion euros in 2012, a figure comparable to the costs of tobacco and alcohol use. However, these numbers have not been updated and are not widely known, limiting their influence on policy. The rising costs to the Health Insurance Fund, due to diet-related illnesses, could help push for stronger regulations on harmful foods. Although several bills have been introduced since 2024 to make Nutri-Score mandatory on all food products, they have not yet gained enough political support. The latest bill, proposed in March 2026, may be debated soon, with a petition in favor already collecting over 95,000 signatures. Nutrition plays a major role in health, alongside factors like tobacco use and socio-economic conditions. According to the Global Burden of Disease study, dietary habits are among the top factors that can be changed to reduce the risk of early death. This highlights the urgent need for effective public health strategies to improve the nation's diet and overall well-being.