Article 28 of the 2027 PLFSS, a proposed law related to public health, focuses on preserving the effectiveness of antibiotics and ensuring their availability. It allows the ministers responsible for Health and Social Security to issue an order requiring the unit dose delivery (DAU) of certain antibiotics. This method involves providing patients with the exact number of units needed for their treatment, even if it means opening the original packaging. While the specific list of antibiotics affected has not been finalized, the proposal includes this possibility in the Public Health Code. The law also introduces a legal definition of "antibiotic medicine" and allows for special prescription and dispensation rules when there is a risk of misuse or bacterial resistance. A decree will eventually determine which antibiotics are included. The proposed measure would require pharmacists to deliver precise quantities of antibiotics, which could involve repackaging and labeling. However, the conditions for repackaging, labeling, and traceability have yet to be defined. Additionally, the PLFSS does not currently provide for any specific compensation for pharmacists performing these tasks. The law also includes a financial compensation mechanism for certain antibiotics deemed critical for public health or supply security, particularly when low sales volumes threaten their availability on the market. The text also introduces the possibility of limiting antibiotic prescriptions in telemedicine. If a remote clinical examination cannot confirm the relevance or safety of a prescription, a decree—issued after consulting the High Authority for Health—could establish specific conditions or restrict prescriptions to certain situations. This provision aims to ensure that antibiotic use remains appropriate, especially when a physical examination is not possible. In its explanatory note, the government highlights that antibiotic use in France remains high and that previous reduction targets have not been met. The implementation of unit dose delivery is part of a broader strategy to promote responsible use and combat antibiotic resistance. The goal is to reduce unnecessary prescriptions while ensuring access to essential treatments. The idea of unit dose delivery is not new. In March 2025, as the Court of Audit prepared an evaluation of the system, the Union of Pharmacy Office Syndicates (USPO) strongly opposed its generalization. The union's president, Pierre-Olivier Variot, pointed out several challenges, including traceability issues in case of product recalls, the cost of repackaging and labeling, and the lack of compensation for pharmacists. Instead of a broad implementation, the USPO suggested targeting DAU to specific public health situations, such as shortages or high-risk medications. The union also advocated for a return to "adapted dispensation," a method previously used and considered more flexible in reducing waste without requiring systematic repackaging.