A new national map of Ireland's exposure to climate-related risks, such as rising sea levels and storm surges, has been created to help identify coastal areas facing the greatest threats. This research, led by scientists at University College Cork (UCC), examined around 8,575 kilometers (5,330 miles) of Ireland's coastline at 250-meter (820-foot) intervals. The study combined 30 years of wind and wave data with information on sea-level rise, storm surges, and coastal geography. The findings were published in the journal Natural Hazards and introduce the first-ever Coastal Exposure Index for Ireland, offering a consistent national assessment of coastal risks and highlighting areas where people, cultural heritage, and other coastal assets are most vulnerable. The study reveals that nearly 40% of Ireland's population lives within 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) of the coast, with over 130,000 people in areas less than 5 meters (16 feet) above sea level. A new interactive online map allows the public to explore these risks and better understand the dangers facing coastal areas. In Dublin and Galway, communities are identified as being in "Very High Exposure" zones, with more than 20,000 people in Dublin and nearly 10,000 in Galway City living within 500 meters (1,640 feet) of high-risk coastlines. Mayo has the most "Very High Exposure" coastline, while Galway County has the most "High" and "Moderate" exposure areas. In contrast, Cork County has the most "Low" and "Very Low" exposure coastline, due to its rocky and elevated terrain, though some low-lying areas remain at risk. The study also highlights the vulnerability of Ireland's coastal heritage sites, including ancient monuments like raths and burial grounds, which are located in areas prone to erosion, flooding, and storm damage. Of the 8,871 registered cultural heritage sites near the coast, one in five are in "Very High Exposure" zones, with many concentrated along the west coast. Natural habitats, such as sand dunes, salt marshes, and seagrass, play a crucial role in protecting both communities and heritage sites from climate hazards. These ecosystems can reduce wave impact and stabilize shorelines, potentially lowering exposure for 38% of Ireland's coastline. Without these natural defenses, the number of heritage sites at risk could increase by 18%. The research underscores the importance of protecting and restoring these natural defenses as part of Ireland's climate adaptation strategy. Study lead Kevin Walsh, a geoscientist at UCC, emphasized that the Coastal Exposure Index provides a consistent view of climate risks across the country, showing that exposure varies significantly from region to region. He called for local adaptation plans that reflect these differences. Dr. Aaron Lim, a marine geoscience expert at UCC, said the study gives Ireland the chance to be proactive in addressing climate risks. The Coastal Exposure Index serves as a strategic tool to guide national and regional efforts, helping to prioritize resources and support for areas most in need of adaptation.