Recent reports suggest a Russian laboratory worker may have died from plague in Siberia, prompting global concern. Plague, a severe bacterial infection caused by Yersinia pestis, has a fatality rate of 30% to 100% if left untreated. The Pasteur Institute in Lille notes that the disease remains a public health issue, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has classified it as a re-emerging disease, citing recent outbreaks and its return to areas where it had previously disappeared. Concerns also include the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of the disease, which could complicate treatment. Between 1990 and 2020, 50,000 cases of plague were recorded worldwide, according to the WHO. However, recent outbreaks remain limited and are closely monitored by health authorities. Between 2019 and 2025, six countries reported confirmed cases of human plague: the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Kenya, Madagascar, Uganda, China, and Mongolia. These six countries accounted for 3,847 of the 3,860 suspected cases recorded worldwide, of which 2,646 were confirmed. In these six countries, there were 423 deaths, corresponding to a fatality rate of 11% among suspected cases. The DRC and Madagascar are the most affected, accounting for 97.7% of confirmed cases and 87.7% of suspected cases that were subsequently confirmed. These two countries have established endemic foci—areas where the disease regularly occurs—according to the WHO. In the DRC, the main focus is located in the highlands of Ituri in the northeast, where epidemics have been documented since 1928. In Madagascar, plague is endemic in the highlands of the center and north, above 800 meters altitude, with a seasonal resurgence from September to March. Confirmed cases of plague have been reported sporadically in China, Kenya, Mongolia, and Uganda. China reported up to five confirmed cases per year and Mongolia up to six cases, according to the WHO. Kenya reported its first confirmed cases in 2021 and between 2 to 8 cases per year from 2023 to 2025. Uganda reported two confirmed cases in 2019 and none thereafter. The region of the Western Nile, in the northwest of Uganda, remains a recognized plague focus where detection has always been episodic. In South America, Peru is an endemic country, and in the United States, the disease persists in the West, notably in New Mexico, Arizona, and Colorado. A region of Russia, bordering Mongolia, the Siberian republic of Tuva, also experienced cases of bubonic plague in 2020. Brazil reported eight suspected cases and eight deaths, but no confirmed cases, so these deaths are excluded from the WHO's fatality rate analysis. Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Ecuador also reported suspected cases but no confirmed cases.