Speaking multiple languages offers many benefits for the brain and helps maintain mental sharpness as people age. A recent meta-analysis of 43 studies, published in Neuropsychology Review, questions the effectiveness of brain training apps like crosswords or sudoku in improving memory in everyday situations. While these apps might help with the specific tasks they target, their ability to enhance overall cognitive function is limited.
Physical activity is highlighted as a more effective way to protect cognitive functions. A large-scale review published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, which included data from over 258,000 people, found that activities like brisk walking, cycling, or dancing are more beneficial than virtual exercises. Physical movement helps preserve the hippocampus, the part of the brain responsible for memory, and encourages the release of myokines, molecules that support brain health. According to a review in Current Nutrition Reports, regular physical activity is associated with a 14% lower risk of developing dementia.
In addition to exercise, research identifies two other important factors for maintaining brain plasticity: enough sleep and social engagement. For adults, getting seven to nine hours of sleep each night helps consolidate memories. Shortening sleep can impair memorization, learning, and how people perceive the world. Engaging in mentally challenging activities, such as learning to play an instrument, mastering camera settings, or joining a club, provides practical ways to keep the mind active and engaged.
An experiment published in The Gerontologist involved 186 people aged 75 and older who were isolated. The study found that having stimulating conversations via video conference, four times a week for six months, improved their cognitive performance. In summary, maintaining brain health involves physical activity, enough sleep, and social interaction—habits that are best cultivated away from screens and digital routines.
Physical Activity, Sleep, and Social Engagement Outperform Brain Training Apps in Preserving Cognitive Health
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