Millions of older adults take calcium and vitamin D supplements to help maintain strong bones and reduce the risk of fractures. However, a major review published in The BMJ suggests that, for most older people, these supplements offer little to no significant protection against falls or broken bones. The study analyzed data from 69 randomized controlled trials involving more than 150,000 adults, comparing the effects of calcium, vitamin D, or a combination of both with either a placebo or no treatment. The findings showed little to no effect on the likelihood of fractures, with moderate certainty for calcium and high certainty for vitamin D and combined supplementation. Similar results were found when looking at specific outcomes, such as hip fractures and falls. The researchers noted that some parts of their analysis were based on smaller numbers of trials or participants, which means those findings should be interpreted with caution. Additionally, the results may not apply to everyone, particularly individuals with certain bone conditions or those undergoing treatment for osteoporosis. However, even after adjusting for factors such as age, sex, history of fractures or falls, and dietary calcium intake, the overall conclusions remained consistent. The study authors concluded that the evidence does not support routine use of calcium, vitamin D, or combined supplementation to prevent fractures and falls. They also urged healthcare professionals, guideline panels, and regulatory agencies to reconsider their general recommendations for these supplements in light of the current findings. In a linked editorial, researchers emphasized the need for more rigorous and well-powered trials to determine if these supplements might still benefit individuals at particularly high risk of fractures. For now, the editorial authors suggest focusing more attention and resources on strategies that have already shown clear benefits in preventing falls and related injuries. These include balance training and resistance exercises, which can improve strength, stability, and overall physical function. Comprehensive programs that combine exercise with fall risk assessments and personalized education may also be effective. The findings indicate that preventing falls and fractures in older adults may require more than simply taking calcium or vitamin D supplements.