As students prepare for exams in high school and university, they often increase their study time and effort. However, even when trying hard, many fall into common study habits that can actually make learning less effective. Research on how the human brain learns has identified three common misconceptions about studying and offers better strategies to improve learning and exam results. One widespread belief is that rereading textbooks and notes is the most effective way to study. Many students rely on this method, with studies showing that over 78% of university students and adults in the U.S. use rereading as a study strategy. However, research suggests that rereading is a passive activity and doesn’t significantly improve long-term memory or understanding. Instead, students should spread out their review sessions over several days and combine rereading with more active methods, such as summarizing or teaching the material to someone else. Another common myth is that feeling confident about a subject means you’ll perform well on an exam. Confidence often comes from familiarity with the material, but it doesn’t always translate to success under exam conditions. During a test, students must recall information without notes or help, which can be more challenging than studying with resources nearby. To better prepare, students should simulate exam conditions by taking practice tests without assistance. This helps identify gaps in knowledge and improves performance under pressure. A third misconception is that the goal of studying is simply to absorb information. While gathering knowledge is important, the ability to recall it during an exam is equally crucial. To strengthen memory, students can use techniques like flashcards, practice quizzes, and self-explanation. For instance, they might describe a concept aloud as if teaching it to someone else. If they struggle to explain or remember key points, it signals a need to revisit the material. These methods are effective for learners of all ages and can help ensure that knowledge is both retained and applied effectively.