It is commonly assumed that the universe's brightest objects are massive stars or galaxy clusters. However, a single point of light, smaller than a solar system, can outshine the combined brightness of hundreds of billions of stars. This is precisely what a study of the quasar SDSS J0100+2802 reveals. Located at the edge of the observable universe, this quasar shines with an intensity that challenges our understanding of the early cosmos. It hosts a supermassive black hole with a mass of approximately 12 billion times that of the Sun. Its accretion disk emits a power of 3×10^41 watts, a brightness confirmed by X-ray observations that rule out any gravitational lensing effect. The rapid and massive growth of this black hole defies classical formation models, leading to several competing hypotheses that remain unresolved. Astronomers determine the distance to such objects using a measurement called redshift. For SDSS J0100+2802, the redshift is 6.30, one of the highest values ever recorded. The higher the redshift, the older and farther the object is. By observing this quasar, scientists are effectively looking back in time to a period when the universe was less than 1 billion years old. This epoch, known as the early universe, was a time when galaxies were forming and shaping the cosmos. At the core of SDSS J0100+2802 lies a supermassive black hole, estimated to be about 12 billion times more massive than the Sun. Its diameter would span approximately 70.9 billion kilometers, or seven times the distance of Pluto's orbit around the Sun. Such a massive black hole appearing so early in the universe raises a fundamental question: how could it have grown to such a size only 875 million years after the Big Bang? Scientists determined its mass by observing the speed at which surrounding gas is pulled into the black hole, a method that relies on analyzing emission lines known as MgII. However, classical models of black hole formation, which depend on the collapse of massive stars, cannot explain such rapid growth. This suggests the black hole must have consumed matter at an extremely fast and continuous rate since the very beginning of the universe, a mystery that continues to puzzle astrophysicists. The immense brightness of SDSS J0100+2802 comes from its accretion disk, a ring of gas and dust spinning rapidly around the black hole. Under extreme gravitational forces, the matter in this disk heats to unimaginable temperatures before being consumed by the black hole, releasing an enormous amount of energy. Specifically, this quasar emits a power equivalent to 3×10^41 watts—about 40,000 times the combined luminosity of the 400 billion stars in our Milky Way. This makes it four times brighter than the quasar SDSS J1148+5251 and seven times brighter than ULAS J1120+0641, two other notable quasars studied by astronomers. Importantly, this brightness is not an illusion: X-ray observations from 2021 confirmed that no gravitational lensing effect is responsible for amplifying its light. This quasar thus represents the highest accretion rate ever observed at such an early cosmic epoch. The discovery of SDSS J0100+2802 was announced in February 2015 by an international team led by Chinese astronomer Xue-Bing Wu, with support from the Yunnan Observatory. Since then, it has sparked ongoing debates in the scientific community, challenging existing theories about the formation of the universe's most massive structures. The existence of such a massive black hole so early in the universe's history—when the cosmos was less than 7% of its current age—raises intriguing questions. Some hypotheses suggest that the black hole formed through the direct collapse of massive clouds of primordial gas, while others propose the rapid merging of smaller black holes. None of these theories are universally accepted, making SDSS J0100+2802 a unique natural laboratory for studying the extreme conditions that shaped the early universe.