Microsoft and xAI are facing multiple lawsuits in several U.S. states over alleged environmental issues linked to their data center operations. These legal disputes center on claims that noise, vibration, and air pollution from the facilities are affecting nearby residents. At least six similar cases have been filed this year, all challenging the environmental impacts of currently active data centers. The lawsuits often include negligence claims, with residents seeking financial compensation or changes in how the data centers operate. In Wisconsin, a proposed class action lawsuit has been filed against Microsoft concerning its Fairwater data center in Mount Pleasant. The facility, which began operations in June 2026, is accused of emitting persistent low-frequency noise that residents say affects their quality of life and property values. Plaintiffs argue that standard noise measurement tools, which use a decibel scale called dBA, are not effective in detecting these low-frequency sounds. They claim that the noise from data center operations—such as large cooling systems and fans—produces long wavelength sounds that standard equipment may not capture accurately. The lawsuit suggests that Microsoft could have mitigated the noise through measures like acoustic barriers, quieter equipment, soundproofing, and improved monitoring. In Mississippi, residents have sued xAI, alleging similar issues with noise, vibration, and air pollution from gas turbines that power the company’s Southaven data center. Plaintiffs’ attorneys accuse xAI of not taking sufficient steps to address these concerns. Similar lawsuits have also been filed in other locations, including Vineland, New Jersey; Dowagiac, Michigan; North Tonawanda, New York; and Hood County, Texas. These legal cases typically rely on claims of nuisance or negligence, arguing that the companies could have prevented or controlled the environmental impacts. While several data center-related disputes remain unresolved, none of the noise-related cases have yet reached a trial or summary judgment. In other environmental cases, however, settlements have been reached, sometimes involving large sums of money. For instance, Amazon agreed to pay over $20 million to address nitrate contamination linked to one of its data centers in Oregon. The company stated that it chose to settle early to avoid lengthy legal battles and to focus on supporting the community. Microsoft has not yet responded to requests for comment about the Wisconsin lawsuit.