AI designs viral genomes

A study published in Science shows that artificial intelligence can now design functional viral genomes, but turning a genetic sequence into an infectious virus is a complex process that involves multiple steps.

AI's role is computational

According to one report, AI can help generate genetic sequences, but it does not automatically transform these sequences into infectious agents. The real challenge lies in controlling the models, laboratories, and sensitive experiments involved in the process.

Understanding viral sequences

The Parisien cited microbiologist Patrick Berche, who explained that a virus can be described by a sequence of bases, similar to a sequence of letters. An AI trained on genomic data can suggest combinations or generate many variants to test, but this is only the first step.

From sequence to virus

Moving from a genetic sequence to a functional virus requires material operations that are regulated and risky. These include synthesizing genetic material, working in a laboratory with biosafety procedures, and testing biological activity on bacteria or cells, all of which require specialized expertise.

Material barriers remain

Hugues Berry, head of the AI and digital department at Inserm, emphasized that creating a biological weapon with AI would not be within the reach of just anyone. It requires a laboratory, machines, and specialized knowledge, making the material barrier significant.

Recent study sparks debate

The debate was reignited by a study published in Science in August 2026, which focused on phages and showed progress in AI's ability to design viral genomes. However, the study did not suggest an imminent pandemic scenario.