Modern cryptography relies on complex mathematical problems that are extremely difficult to solve with today's technology. These problems are so challenging that solving them would either take an impractically long time—like billions of years—or would require an unimaginable amount of computing power, such as covering the Earth with supercomputers. However, quantum computers, a new type of computing technology, could potentially break these barriers, threatening the security of digital communications and transactions. Despite this risk, about two-thirds of website connections are already protected by post-quantum algorithms, which are designed to be resistant to quantum computing. Quantum computers pose a particular threat to asymmetric cryptography, a method used to secure the internet and electronic payments. This form of encryption depends on mathematical problems that quantum computers could solve efficiently. The risk was first identified in 1995 with the development of Shor's algorithm, which can solve the mathematical challenges that have underpinned asymmetric cryptography for over fifty years—specifically, the problems of factorization and discrete logarithm. This discovery sparked global concern and initiated a race to develop new cryptographic standards that can withstand quantum computing threats. The urgency of preparing for this quantum threat was underscored by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) in 2015, which led the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to launch a global effort to identify and standardize new cryptographic algorithms. NIST invited researchers to submit proposals and evaluated them based on reliability, performance, and practicality for different applications. The first set of post-quantum standards was finalized in 2024, showing the long-term commitment to this transition. Over eighty algorithms were proposed worldwide, and scientists have been testing their security, sometimes successfully breaking them, to ensure robustness. A key concern is determining how powerful a quantum computer would need to be to break current encryption. This is measured in qubits, the quantum equivalent of classical computer bits. Google recently estimated that a quantum computer with 500,000 qubits could break today’s encryption, though this is still far beyond current capabilities. Meanwhile, the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) has warned of a "Harvest Now, Decrypt Later" scenario, where adversaries could store encrypted data today and decrypt it with future quantum computers. In response, many countries' security agencies are preparing for the transition to post-quantum cryptography, aiming to complete the shift by 2030 to 2035, depending on the sensitivity of the data involved. Currently, about two-thirds of website connections already use post-quantum algorithms, and some messaging apps have already adopted them. However, the transition is a massive task that will take years. Many industries need to adopt new products that support these standards, and some long-term secrets must remain confidential for decades. Some experts suggest accelerating the transition to be ready by 2029, emphasizing the need for urgency.