The European Commission has introduced new measures to address concerns from current European Union (EU) member states about the potential expansion of the Union, particularly regarding Ukraine's possible accession. These "pre-enlargement" steps are designed to ensure the EU is ready for an increase in members beyond the current 27. Four countries—Montenegro, Albania, Moldova, and Ukraine—are close to becoming official candidates for EU membership. While the process for smaller countries might be simpler, Ukraine faces more challenges due to its large population of 40 million and its ongoing war. Brussels is exploring "safeguard clauses" to protect the interests of existing member states when new countries join. These could involve changes to the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), a key EU program that supports farmers, which is of strategic importance to countries like France and Poland. However, even with these measures, achieving agreement may be difficult, as each new member must be approved by all 27 current member states and ratified by their national parliaments or through a referendum, which could be challenging in some countries. European Commissioner for Enlargement Marta Kos stressed in August that these measures are "indispensable" for building confidence and unity within the EU. Hungary, led by Prime Minister Viktor Orban, has previously blocked measures supporting Ukraine's accession using its veto power. However, after the recent election of Peter Magyar, the situation has shifted, and several member states are still seeking additional safeguards. Limiting the use of the veto is considered an "important" step by a European diplomat in Brussels. Safeguards are also being discussed to prevent new members from abandoning the rule of law or European values, with possible sanctions being considered. However, candidate countries, including Moldova, remain committed to full EU membership. Moldovan Prime Minister Vasile Tofan has emphasized that joining the EU as soon as possible is a top priority for his country. To help these countries accept the safeguard clauses, the European Commission is suggesting they participate in certain EU programs, such as the Erasmus student exchange initiative or research funding schemes. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen has promised to present detailed roadmaps for the most advanced candidates soon. The four countries hope to become full members by the end of 2030, with Montenegro possibly joining as early as 2028. A new development could occur next week for Ukraine and Moldova if the Ukrainian parliament passes certain reforms.