Beijing has set a clear objective: large-scale deployment of **solid-state batteries** in electric vehicles by 2030. This goal is part of a new national roadmap for the battery industry unveiled on September 28 by the Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The roadmap aims to transform China's current lead in **lithium-ion batteries** into leadership in the next generation of solid-state batteries, with the added goals of improving autonomy, safety, quality, and lifespan standards. The roadmap does not limit itself to solid-state batteries, also emphasizing lithium-ion batteries while opening the way to **sodium-ion batteries** and **flow batteries** for stationary storage. It highlights the need for improvements in safety, temperature performance, and manufacturing quality. However, the ministry acknowledges current shortcomings in innovation and imbalances between supply and demand, stressing the need to improve technology and quality control with extremely low defect rates. The roadmap also includes a milestone of long-lasting lithium batteries capable of withstanding up to 15,000 cycles, although it is unclear if solid-state batteries will reach this level within the next decade. Industry players remain cautious about the feasibility of the 2030 target. Robin Zeng, head of **CATL**, assessed the maturity of all-solid batteries at "4 out of 9" on an internal scale, where 9 corresponds to a level ready for mass production. He estimated that adoption in "millions of vehicles" by the end of the decade remained unlikely, due to still insufficient performance and especially costs. CATL plans for a limited start of solid-state battery production in 2027 but notes that moving to large-scale production will be a completely different matter. Robert Lee, President of North America for **LG Energy Solution**, highlighted the difficulty in manufacturing large all-solid cells, predicting that the first truly "mass-market" applications may not necessarily appear in the automotive sector. In China, semi-solid batteries are already beginning to equip certain models in small series, but they do not constitute proof that true all-solid batteries are ready for generalized deployment. A **BloombergNEF** forecast suggests these technologies would represent only about 10% of the combined demand for electric vehicles and stationary storage worldwide in 2035, showing how high the hurdle remains for the Chinese 2030 promise to translate into millions of affordable cars.