If the influence of Egyptian societies was significant at the end of the Neolithic period, they were not the only ones in North Africa to have impacted the development of Mediterranean communities. A new study has revealed the existence of important agricultural sites in the western part of the Maghreb, suggesting that these regions may have played a role in shaping southern European societies. The findings challenge previous assumptions about the direction of cultural and agricultural influence in the ancient Mediterranean world. The Neolithic period, which began around 12,000 years ago, marked a major shift in human history as people transitioned from nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles to settled agricultural communities. This period saw the domestication of plants and animals, the development of permanent settlements, and the emergence of complex social structures. The study suggests that North Africa, particularly the Maghreb region, may have been an important hub for early agricultural innovation that influenced neighboring regions. The Neanderthal man, who lived between 250,000 and 28,000 years before our era, was a close relative of modern humans and an omnivore who developed many tools for hunting and butchering game. Neanderthals were skilled hunters who lived in a variety of environments across Europe and parts of the Middle East. Their tools and behaviors provide valuable insights into the evolution of human technology and social organization. The Inrap (National Institute for Preventative Archaeological Research) is following the traces of this ancestor in a documentary titled Les experts du passé, which retraces the fascinating hunting practices of Neanderthals. The documentary explores how these early humans adapted to their environments, used tools, and interacted with the natural world. By examining archaeological evidence and reenactments, the film offers a glimpse into the daily lives of Neanderthals and their place in prehistoric human history.