Restless legs syndrome (RLS), also known as nocturnal restlessness, is a common neurological disorder that can be disabling and affects 6 to 7% of the French population. The exact cause remains unknown, but several risk factors have been identified, including genetic predisposition, age, being female, pregnancy, iron deficiency, being overweight, certain diseases such as diabetes and chronic kidney failure, and the use of specific medications like antipsychotics, antidepressants, lithium, or antihistamines. Anxiety, fatigue, and the consumption of tobacco, alcohol, or caffeine can also worsen symptoms. The clinical signs of RLS typically occur when a person is resting, often in the evening or at night. They are characterized by an urgent need to move the legs, which can force the person to get up, and are often accompanied by tingling, electric shock-like sensations, or pain. These symptoms can disrupt sleep, causing repeated micro-awakenings during the night. While the person may not be aware of these awakenings, they can significantly reduce the quality of sleep and lead to daytime fatigue. In mild cases of RLS, management usually involves lifestyle changes and addressing any underlying issues, such as correcting an iron deficiency if present. For more severe cases, treatment may require the guidance of a specialist. Medications such as antiepileptics, gabapentin, or pregabalin are often used first, even if they are not officially approved for this condition. If intense pain is present, step 2 analgesics like tramadol or codeine may be recommended. Dopamine agonists, such as pramipexole, rotigotine, and ropinirole, are available with official marketing authorization but are currently reserved for very specific cases and short-term use due to their potential for serious side effects. These medications are not typically reimbursed for treating RLS. Patients are advised to work closely with their healthcare providers to find the most effective and safe treatment plan.