The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), a global organization tasked with monitoring nuclear programs to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, has referred Iran to the UN Security Council for failing to meet its obligations under the nuclear non-proliferation treaty. This is the first time in 20 years that the IAEA has taken such a step. During a meeting in Vienna, the IAEA's board of governors passed a resolution, citing a lack of information about Iran's nuclear material, including its highly enriched uranium stockpile, and the inability of IAEA inspectors to access Iran's nuclear facilities. The resolution was proposed by the UK, France, Germany, and the US, and received support from 23 countries, while eight countries abstained. China, Russia, and Niger opposed the move. The resolution asks IAEA Director General Rafael Grossi to report Iran to the UN Security Council. This decision comes amid ongoing tensions over Iran's nuclear activities and the broader conflict involving Israel and the US. Iran strongly criticized the IAEA's decision, blaming US and Israeli military strikes on its nuclear facilities for disrupting the agency's inspections. Since Israel and the US conducted a 12-day conflict in June 2025, the IAEA has not had access to Iran's nuclear sites. These facilities were targeted again during the latest war, which began on 28 February. Iran claims that the attacks on its uranium enrichment plants in Natanz and Fordo have led it to restrict access for IAEA inspectors. Tehran insists that such access should be part of a broader agreement with the US and Israel to end the ongoing conflict. Iran has consistently maintained that its nuclear program is for peaceful purposes, such as energy production and medical research. However, the US, Israel, and several European nations have expressed concerns that Iran may be seeking to develop nuclear weapons. According to senior US officials, at the start of the latest conflict, Iran had approximately 440kg of uranium enriched to 60%, a level that can be quickly increased to the 90% needed for weapons-grade uranium. This has heightened fears of a potential nuclear arms race in the region.