Anne Augereau's book A Prehistory of Women delves into the lives of women during prehistoric times, analyzing the relationships between men and women, the rise of male dominance, and the development of gender roles from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic eras. Drawing on archaeological evidence, the book explores various aspects of prehistoric life, including unions, motherhood, health, nutrition, activities, social status, gender learning, and violence. It raises questions about when and how patriarchy began and aims to use the past to better understand current social dynamics. The book has been the subject of discussion at events like the Blois History Meetings, where a panel explored how prehistory can inform contemporary issues such as male domination, social inequalities, armed conflicts, and environmental destruction. Some scholars argue that these problems have roots in the Neolithic or even the Paleolithic periods, while others believe these eras were largely free of such issues. A Prehistory of Women contributes to the ongoing conversation by presenting a gender-focused perspective on the lives of prehistoric individuals. At a recent conference, Anne Augereau presented her work, which examines the role of women in prehistoric societies over the 300,000 years before the first written civilizations emerged. Using archaeological findings from Europe and Western Asia, the book provides a synthesis of gender relations from the Middle Paleolithic to the Neolithic periods. It investigates whether male dominance existed in prehistory by looking at themes such as childhood, marriage, motherhood, work, food, health, mobility, and violence. These topics help to understand the living conditions of both prehistoric men and women and to rethink the origins of gender inequalities. The conference was organized in partnership with the Marguerite Durand library, which is dedicated to the history of women, feminism, and gender studies. This collaboration highlights the significance of the book's themes and the importance of continuing research into the historical and social development of gender roles.