Poland is significantly increasing its military capabilities, with plans to double its tank fleet from slightly less than 800 units in 2024 to 1,600 by 2032. This expansion aims to create a conventional deterrent against potential Russian aggression, as Poland does not possess nuclear weapons. By 2030, the number of tanks is expected to reach 1,100, surpassing the combined total of Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, and France, which have 950 tanks among them. Currently, only Greece and Turkey have more tanks than Poland. Poland's defense spending is set to reach 4.8% of its GDP in 2025, with the goal of becoming the largest land army in Europe. The Polish military is acquiring a variety of tanks, including German Leopard models, American M1 Abrams, and South Korean K2 Black Panther tanks. Some components of the Abrams tanks are produced by Polish companies, according to Amélie Zima, head of the European and transatlantic security program at the IFRI (Institute of International Relations). Poland's strategy involves not only purchasing military equipment but also upgrading its industrial base through technology transfers from its partners. This rearmament effort began before the war in Ukraine, with Poland purchasing 250 M1 Abrams tanks in July 2021. Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, a bipartisan National Defense Law was passed, ensuring continued military modernization regardless of political changes. The arrival of Donald Tusk in power in 2023 did not alter this course. In 2022, Poland signed a framework agreement with South Korea for the potential purchase of 1,000 K2 Black Panther tanks, though this is not an immediate order but a flexible agreement based on Polish needs. Poland has also contributed extensively to Ukraine's defense, donating a large number of Soviet-origin tanks, which have been modernized and sent to Ukraine. As a result, by 2032, Poland will no longer have any Soviet tanks in service, such as the T-72 or PT-91, which were previously the majority of its fleet. Poland's rapid rearmament is partly due to its partnerships with South Korea and the United States, as European manufacturers cannot meet the scale of demand in the same timeframe. These collaborations extend beyond tanks to include artillery systems, guided missiles, fighter jets, and helicopters. Amélie Zima notes that Poland's goal is to ensure that Russia will not invade due to the sheer volume of its conventional military capabilities. Germany shares a similar objective but is not progressing as quickly due to its own challenges.