The eROSITA telescope, a key instrument on the Russian-German Spektr-RG space observatory, was developed by the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) and its partners to study the X-ray sky. Launched in 2019, eROSITA has captured detailed images of large areas of the sky, helping scientists map the high-energy universe. Recently, the German eROSITA Consortium released its second major dataset (DR2), which is the most detailed catalog of X-ray sources ever compiled. This release combines data from three full scans of the sky, listing over 1.9 million point-like sources—mainly stars and black holes that are actively pulling in matter—as well as about 64,000 extended sources, such as galaxy clusters and remnants of exploded stars. This is nearly double the number of sources in the first release.
The DR2 dataset includes observations from multiple sky scans, spaced six months apart, to improve the sensitivity and depth of the data. Mara Salvato, a spokesperson for eROSITA and chair of the follow-up working group, emphasized the importance of connecting X-ray sources to their counterparts in other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as visible light or infrared. This multi-wavelength approach helps astronomers determine the nature of these objects, their distances, and their place in the broader structure of the universe. The catalog was built from data collected over the first 556 days of Spektr-RG's mission, with images stacked to detect even fainter X-ray sources.
According to the DR2 data, about 88% of the identified sources are from outside our Milky Way galaxy, mostly from supermassive black holes that are actively pulling in material at the centers of distant galaxies. This release coincides with the 20th data release from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS DR20), which includes optical spectroscopy data from eROSITA's own surveys. These two projects, working together for nearly a decade, have created one of the most comprehensive studies of supermassive black holes to date. Researchers can now use this combined data to create 3D maps of these black holes and study how they evolved over time.
William Roster, the lead author of a study using the DR2 data, noted that the most luminous black holes in the distant universe are rare and hard to find, like needles in a haystack. However, DR2 revealed more of these black holes than expected, suggesting that they were more common in the early universe than previously believed. Andrea Merloni, the principal investigator of eROSITA, called the dataset "unprecedented in scale and completeness," emphasizing its value to the global astronomical community. With nearly 2 million sources, DR2 offers a powerful foundation for both rare discoveries and large-scale studies of the universe’s most mysterious objects.
eROSITA Releases Comprehensive X-ray Catalog of the Cosmos
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Original sources:
- 🇺🇸Phys.org



