Sylvain Angerand, a forest engineer and director of the association Canopée forêts vivantes, is calling for a shift in how forests are managed in response to climate change. He emphasizes the crucial role of forests as carbon sinks, absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through trees and soil. However, he warns that clearing forests and replanting species that may not survive changing conditions could undermine this natural process. He advocates for a balance between adapting to climate change and preserving the carbon-storing capacity of forests. Angerand highlights the increasing intensity of climate-related hazards, such as heavier rainfall during winter and spring, which can lead to waterlogged soils. Many trees that are drought-tolerant may not survive in waterlogged conditions. He also notes the growing risks of wildfires, storms, hail, and late frosts, stressing that no single tree species can withstand all these challenges. This underscores the need for a more resilient and diverse forest ecosystem. He stresses the importance of preserving the natural environment of forests, which helps them resist extreme temperature changes. He advises against large-scale clear cutting and instead promotes a more diverse approach to forest management. Angerand distinguishes between species diversity and ecological diversity, advocating for a mix of tree types with different root systems, as well as a combination of deciduous and coniferous trees. This approach aims to enhance the overall resilience of the forest. Angerand also highlights the importance of structural and genetic diversity within forests. Structural diversity means having trees of various sizes and heights, while genetic diversity can be lost through planting uniform tree species. He discusses the concept of phenotypic plasticity, which allows trees to adjust their functions in response to environmental changes. He suggests that forest management plans should be updated to account for uncertainties and that harvesting should be done more frequently but with less intensity. He also emphasizes the need for careful observation of tree health before making management decisions. Angerand notes that while forests can survive without human intervention, human activities can reduce their diversity and resilience. He acknowledges that some clear cutting may be necessary due to forest decline but warns that this argument can be used to support other interests, such as industrial needs. He challenges the idea that older trees are more vulnerable, pointing out that they often have deeper root systems and are more robust. He also criticizes the use of arbitrary thresholds to diagnose forest decline, noting that many trees labeled as declining may still be healthy. Angerand addresses the issue of scolytes, small beetles that attack weakened trees, and suggests that systematic clear cutting can be counterproductive. He notes that allowing dead wood to decompose can enrich the soil and support natural predators of the scolyte, such as woodpeckers. He also suggests reducing the harvest of wood to maintain the carbon sink function of forests while adapting to climate change. He points out that a significant portion of harvested wood is used for energy rather than in furniture or carpentry, and that this trend should be addressed to improve forest management practices. Finally, Angerand highlights the pressure on forests from global resource consumption, such as nickel, palm oil, and soy, which are essential for many industries. He advocates for blocking policies that create artificial demand for these resources and promoting sustainable forest management practices to protect forests, which are vital allies in the fight against climate change.