Researchers across various fields are highlighting a range of challenges that hinder their work, from access to advanced equipment and funding constraints to ethical limitations. These barriers are not only material but also deeply scientific, human, and institutional. To overcome these obstacles, experts stress the importance of collaboration, data sharing, and the development of new tools, particularly artificial intelligence, to advance knowledge. Charles Roques-Carmes, a physicist and assistant professor at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (Ista), points out that one of the most pressing issues is the limited access to large, specialized instruments like free-electron lasers. These tools are essential for observing matter at an extremely high resolution. Roques-Carmes explains that generating X-rays in a compact, efficient, and coherent way remains a significant challenge in applied physics, affecting the pace of scientific discovery. Hervé Chneiweiss, a neurobiologist and president of the ethics committee at Inserm, emphasizes that conducting experiments is both costly and requires highly skilled teams. He highlights the case of "cancer stem cells" (CSC), a concept that gained attention in the early 2000s but faced skepticism from the scientific community. Convincing peers of its validity required substantial research and collaboration, underscoring the challenges of introducing new scientific ideas. Yves Gingras, a historian and sociologist of science at the University of Quebec in Montreal, notes that researchers in the humanities and social sciences often face more ethical constraints than their counterparts in the natural sciences. He cites a situation in Quebec where critical sociological research on indigenous peoples is restricted, and some academic works are censored to prevent demotivating female researchers. These constraints highlight the complex interplay between ethics and academic freedom. Researchers in other fields also face unique hurdles. Claire Guinat, a veterinary epidemiologist at Inrae, discusses the difficulties in studying the transmission of animal infectious diseases, such as avian influenza. She stresses the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and the challenges of working with fragmented, diverse data sources. Meanwhile, Pierre Sans-Jofre, a lecturer at the National Museum of Natural History, points to the limitations in accessing high-quality rock samples and the need for better data digitization. He sees artificial intelligence as a promising tool for managing large datasets generated by advanced technologies like isotope mass spectrometers. Eric Gilson, a researcher at the Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging in Nice, highlights the challenges faced by researchers in the emerging field of aging biology. He calls for greater data exchange, standardized research protocols, and harmonized regulations across countries to improve the reliability and applicability of findings. He also notes that aging research is often approached from a humanities or social sciences perspective, and that funding for biological studies in this area remains limited.