The shift toward electric vehicles in France is expected to significantly reduce income from fuel taxes, leading to debates about how to reform road taxes. According to the Institut Mobilités en Transition (IMT), road taxes currently bring in about 67.5 billion euros each year, with taxes on petroleum products and natural gas making up 27.7 billion euros, or 41% of the total. However, as more electric vehicles are used, this income is predicted to drop. Experts estimate a shortfall of 8 billion euros by 2030 and 22 billion euros by 2035. To address this decline, the IMT has suggested an annual vehicle fee that would apply to all motorized vehicles, including electric ones. The fee would be based on several factors, such as the type and weight of the vehicle, energy consumption, and the household’s income, place of residence, and number of vehicles. The proposed fee would range from 30 to 910 euros per year, depending on these factors. Another proposal involves gradually moving taxation from gasoline and diesel to electricity. This could have unintended consequences, however, as it might affect households that use electricity for heating and certain businesses. It could also reduce the cost advantage of electric vehicles. The IMT has also considered a kilometer-based tax for electric cars, similar to what the United Kingdom is exploring. However, this would require accurately tracking vehicle mileage and might unfairly impact people in rural and peri-urban areas. The IMT report explains that the drop in road tax revenue is not only due to the rise of electric vehicles. It is also linked to certain taxes not being adjusted for inflation and the growth of fuels that benefit from lower taxation. The proposed annual vehicle fee aims to spread the tax burden more fairly and offer incentives for environmental sustainability.