Twenty-five years after the September 11 attacks, Bruno Pomart, a former RAID instructor and president of the "Initiative Sécurité Intérieure" think tank, told Franceinfo that the threat of terrorism still remains in France. Pomart discussed how the jihadist threat has evolved over time. Although key leaders of Al-Qaida were killed in 2011 and 2022, he said the danger has not lessened. Groups like Daesh, which split from Al-Qaida, continue to pose a significant risk to security. Pomart explained that the nature of terrorism has shifted in recent years. He referred to this new form as "low-cost terrorism," which involves individuals rather than large, structured international networks. This type of terrorism is harder to manage because it often relies on individuals who may be supported by small, less visible groups. Intelligence agencies find it challenging to track and prevent these kinds of attacks, as they are less predictable and harder to detect. France has faced several terrorist plots in recent years. In September, three individuals were arrested for planning an attack on the Jewish community and for showing interest in joining the Islamic State in the Sahel region. Pomart emphasized the role of intelligence services like the DGSI (Direction Générale de la Sécurité Intérieure) in countering these threats. While these services have been strengthened, he noted that challenges remain in anticipating and preventing attacks before they occur. Pomart also discussed the importance of ongoing counter-terrorism efforts, including the RIPOST law, which aims to improve security and prevent radicalization. He acknowledged that even with strong intelligence capabilities, some aspects of the terrorist threat remain difficult to control. This includes individuals who may not appear as a risk in security databases, making them harder to identify and monitor. In addition to jihadist threats, Pomart warned about the risks posed by far-left and far-right movements. According to the Ministry of the Interior, six deaths have been attributed to far-right actions since 2022. He referenced past groups like Action Directe, which started with peaceful demonstrations but later turned to violence. Pomart stressed the importance of preventing radicalization in these groups to avoid a repeat of past incidents. Pomart concluded by noting that France continues to work on managing these various security risks, especially during major demonstrations. He emphasized the need for vigilance and adaptation as the nature of terrorism continues to evolve.