Researchers are studying underground ice reservoirs in the American West to better understand potential water sources amid ongoing drought conditions. These reservoirs, known as rock glaciers, are slow-moving masses of ice and rock debris that store water and release it long after snowmelt has ended. In Utah, Mount Timpanogos, which rises 7,000 feet (2,100 meters) above Utah Valley, is a vital source of water for the region. Snowmelt from mountains like this provides about 95% of Utah’s water supply, making it essential to explore alternative sources as climate conditions become hotter and drier. Both religious and state leaders have issued water conservation statements in response to these challenges. A team led by Brigham Young University (BYU) geology professor Greg Carling is examining these hidden water supplies in alpine areas like Mount Timpanogos. The Timpanogos Rock Glacier, which feeds into Emerald Lake, is one of the sites under study. Rock glaciers can be crucial during late summer when traditional snowmelt has diminished. Carling and his students are working with the Utah Geological Survey and other universities to better understand how these formations can be used to support water management strategies. Their research may help communities facing drought by maintaining stream flow during critical times of the year. Identifying and assessing rock glaciers is a complex process. Carling and his team spent six weeks hiking to nearly 100 high-country rock glaciers across Utah and Colorado. They collected water and macroinvertebrate samples from outlet streams to analyze water quality and chemistry, including the presence of trace metals. Preliminary findings suggest that most rock glacier outflows have excellent water quality, which is promising for potential future use. Lerato Thoka-Cole, a BYU geology graduate student, is applying her research to help drought-stressed communities in her home country of South Africa. She noted that Africa faces significant water scarcity, with much of its water stored in underground aquifers. Carling emphasized that the fieldwork has given students a deeper appreciation for natural landscapes and inspired a greater sense of environmental responsibility. He said the students are motivated to become better stewards of the land, mountains, and water, which gives him hope for the future of water conservation and management.