High-end password managers are growing more costly, leading some users to explore alternatives like Bitwarden and Proton Pass, which offer free versions with a solid set of features. Switching between password managers has become easier due to new exchange formats and protocols, but it remains a big decision because these services store a lot of sensitive information. In recent years, 1Password has shifted its focus toward the business market, though its consumer products remain strong. Its main business competitors, Dashlane and Keeper, also offer consumer versions, but these are more expensive than 1Password’s offerings and none provide a free plan. Both Bitwarden and Proton Pass allow users to store an unlimited number of usernames, identities, and notes in their free versions, with support for synchronizing access keys across devices. Their premium plans offer similar advanced features as the competition but at slightly lower prices. However, the free versions have limitations in TOTP (time-based one-time password) support. Proton Pass Free allows up to three 2FA elements, while Bitwarden’s free version lacks built-in TOTP support. Proton Pass Free allows users to create up to two vaults and share them with a maximum of two others, which might be enough for managing credentials for oneself and a partner. Bitwarden’s sharing feature involves creating an "organization" and grouping vault items into collections, though it remains effective and free. As part of a suite of privacy-focused apps, Proton Pass includes the ability to generate up to 10 email aliases in its free plan, with unlimited aliases available in premium plans. Bitwarden does not directly support this feature but integrates with services that do, such as SimpleLogin, Fastmail, and DuckDuckGo. Switching password managers has become easier with new import methods. 1Password exports data to a JSON file using the unencrypted 1Password export format (.1pux), which can be a security risk if not handled properly. Proton Pass supports this format directly and offers a range of import features, though it does not export access keys. Bitwarden allows importing 1PUX files from 1Password and also supports the FIDO Credential Exchange (CXP) protocol, which enables secure data transfer without exporting unencrypted data. CXP is a new technology supported by several identity services, including Google, Apple, 1Password, Dashlane, and Bitwarden. A representative of Proton Pass confirmed that CXP support would be added soon, though it is not yet listed in the public roadmap. Both Proton Pass and Bitwarden were tested for importing data from 1Password. Proton Pass retained more than 700 items organized by vault but failed to synchronize access keys. Bitwarden grouped all items into a single vault using CXP, which was less desirable for some users. The choice between Proton Pass and Bitwarden may depend on existing subscriptions and user preferences. Proton Pass offers the advantage of being included in a Proton Duo subscription, providing premium features without extra costs. However, users may need to recreate access keys for sites that support them, a task that turned out to be simpler than expected. Bitwarden has native support for access key integration on Windows 11, which is currently a top feature request for Proton Pass users.