In France, one in fifteen children is born prematurely each year, before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Premature births are categorized based on gestational age: births before 32 weeks are called "great prematurity," and those before 28 weeks are termed "extreme prematurity." At the Hautepierre hospital in Strasbourg, the neonatology department cares for about 180 great preemies annually. Professor Pierre Kuhn, head of the department, notes that cases of extreme prematurity have increased in recent years. This trend is linked to changes in ethical guidelines, improved care from obstetricians and neonatologists, and better medical interventions. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a baby is considered viable from the 22nd week of pregnancy if they weigh at least 500 grams. Despite advances in medical care, one in eight preemies dies in their first week of life. Haron, a baby born at 25 weeks of pregnancy via caesarean section, weighed 670 grams at birth. He has only a few hours of life and faces a challenging path ahead, but medical staff remain hopeful. Haron required cardiac stimulation shortly after birth but has "adapted quite well," according to his caregivers. However, the future remains uncertain. Professor Pierre Kuhn must deliver difficult news to Haron’s parents with care: "Generally, between two-thirds and three-quarters of babies born after 25 weeks of pregnancy survive. That means there are many more chances for survival, but not all of them." The mortality rate among preemies in their first week of life remains one in eight, highlighting the ongoing risks these infants face. A concerning trend has emerged in France over the past two decades: the country has fallen from third place to 23rd out of 27 European countries in infant mortality rates. A recent report by the General Inspectorate of Social Affairs (IGAS) attributes this increase to earlier and more risky interventions for preemies, as well as social inequalities and the closure of maternity wards. These factors contribute to the complex challenge of improving outcomes for vulnerable newborns.