Ultra-processed foods—such as ready-made meals, soft drinks, and packaged snacks—are increasingly common in modern diets, but their health impact remains a topic of debate. Experts like Christophe Chassard, head of the MICA department at INRAE, explain that while there is no clear threshold for safe consumption, research shows a link between high intake of these foods and increased risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. However, these studies do not yet pinpoint specific foods as the sole cause, nor do they establish a precise limit beyond which health risks are guaranteed. The French Health Insurance suggests that ultra-processed foods should make up less than 15% of daily calorie intake. This is not a strict cutoff point but a guideline to encourage reducing their role in the overall diet. According to Chassard, the key is to consider the entire diet rather than focusing solely on individual foods. Occasional consumption—such as a biscuit as a snack or an industrial pizza on a busy day—does not necessarily harm health, but regular or excessive reliance on these foods can displace healthier, minimally processed options like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Understanding the difference between processed and ultra-processed foods is crucial for making informed choices. Nutritionist Pauline Pied explains that processed foods, such as canned vegetables or frozen meals, are part of Group 3 in the NOVA classification system, which categorizes foods by their level of processing. Ultra-processed foods, classified in Group 4, often contain additives, preservatives, and are typically mass-produced for convenience. These foods are more likely to be high in sugars, salt, and unhealthy fats, contributing to the health risks associated with their frequent consumption. While it may be tempting to rely on ultra-processed foods for convenience or cost-saving, experts emphasize the importance of balance. The goal is not to eliminate these foods entirely but to ensure they remain occasional rather than the foundation of one’s diet. As Chassard notes, the overall dietary pattern matters most. A single meal or snack with ultra-processed foods does not define a person's health, but a consistent reliance on them can have long-term consequences. The challenge lies in maintaining a varied diet that includes minimally processed foods, which support better health outcomes.