HPV vaccine approved two decades ago

Twenty years ago, vaccines against the human papillomavirus (HPV) were first approved for use in the United States and European countries. These vaccines target a group of viruses that can lead to various cancers, including cervical cancer.

Vaccine included in national programs

Over time, HPV vaccines were gradually integrated into national vaccination programs. These programs have shown that the vaccines are highly effective in preventing cervical cancer, which is one of the most common cancers affecting women.

Misconceptions about vaccine effects

Some critics raised concerns about the vaccine, suggesting it might affect fertility. However, recent research contradicts these claims, indicating that HPV vaccination during adolescence might actually improve the chances of having a healthy baby in the future.

Study finds benefits during pregnancy

A large study published in The British Medical Journal examined 624,713 births in Sweden between 2006 and 2023. It found that women who received the Gardasil vaccine before pregnancy had fewer complications, particularly fewer preterm births.

Reason for the observed link

Researchers explored this link because not all cervical lesions caused by HPV turn into cancer. Treatments for these lesions, such as conization, can increase the risk of miscarriage and preterm birth. The study suggests that vaccination may offer additional benefits beyond cancer prevention.

Need for further research

While the study highlights potential benefits of HPV vaccination during pregnancy, researchers emphasize that the findings need to be confirmed by more detailed studies. The vaccine's effectiveness in men is also well-documented, and efforts to raise awareness about cervical cancer continue globally.