A Paris judicial court on September 17 rejected fines and legal fees requested by Canal+, a French media company, against Cloudflare in two cases related to Formula 1 and MotoGP piracy. The court ruled that technical intermediaries like Cloudflare have a "duty of means" but not a "duty of result," meaning they are not responsible for the outcomes of their actions. This decision was based on the UPC Telekabel ruling by the Court of Justice of the European Union, which clarified that companies providing internet infrastructure are not liable for how their services are used. As a result, if a site changes its content delivery network (CDN), Cloudflare cannot be held responsible, and it is up to Canal+ to report mirrors to Arcom, the French authority for media regulation. In April, the same court had ordered Cloudflare to block 21 Formula 1 streaming domains and 16 MotoGP domains "by any effective means." Cloudflare responded by blocking sites using its CDN but did not filter its public DNS resolver, 1.1.1.1. This approach left only three out of 21 Formula 1 domains and three out of 16 MotoGP domains blocked, with two of them returning online the following week via another CDN or a mirror site. Cloudflare confirmed in its transparency report for the second half of 2025 that no content has ever been blocked via 1.1.1.1, as blocking on a global public DNS resolver would apply to all users worldwide. However, the geo-blocking applied by Cloudflare on its CDN limits access to the site itself from France. Therefore, using 1.1.1.1 does not change access to sites blocked on Cloudflare's CDN. The court noted that Cloudflare's public DNS architecture does not allow for the implementation of a block, but a Paris court of appeal had ruled in March of the previous year that DNS blocking was entirely feasible. Additionally, the Council of State noted in July that Cloudflare already offers a resolver that can block malicious software and adult content for free. Orders signed on July 17 for the Premier League and the Champions League specifically named Cloudflare's resolver, CDN, and reverse proxy, leaving the American company free to choose the technical means. Meanwhile, Quad9, a Swiss foundation that does not block domains targeted by beIN Sports, is also under pressure from the sports channel, which is demanding 10,000 euros per day and per accessible pirate domain. A decision is expected by the end of the month. According to one report, Google's DNS resolver (8.8.8.8) refuses to resolve domains on the "Premier League" list ordered in July, citing a judicial injunction or administrative blocking measure targeting France. In contrast, Cloudflare's 1.1.1.1 resolver responds normally for sites still online.