Nairobi, Kenya's capital, is experiencing rapid population growth and increased movement, which is straining its transport system that remains largely reliant on roads. To address this, Kenyan authorities are working to modernize and expand the city's infrastructure to better handle the rising demand for mobility and economic activity. A key component of this effort is the Kenya Urban Mobility Improvement Project (KUMIP), supported by the World Bank, which aims to reorganize the capital's transport system. The project includes a major railway initiative led by the Kenya Railways Corporation (KRC), with a budget of 65 billion Kenyan shillings (around 447 million USD). This investment will focus on upgrading the 57 km Nairobi-Thika railway corridor into a high-capacity urban link, involving improvements to tracks, stations, signaling, and telecommunications systems. The plan also includes the creation of multimodal interchanges, where different transport modes can connect, and the acquisition of new trains and modernization of maintenance facilities. Electrification is a central part of this transformation, aiming to replace diesel locomotives and improve the frequency and capacity of services. The project is not limited to railways but also includes efforts to integrate rail with other transport options, such as buses and access roads. According to the Kenyan Ministry of Transport and the Nairobi Metropolitan Area Transport Authority, traffic congestion in the city is costing about 120 billion shillings annually in lost productivity. While the current railway network, including the Madaraka Express service connecting Nairobi and Mombasa, serves inter-city travel, it does not fully meet the needs of daily commuters within the metropolitan area. In response, Nairobi is also developing a high-level bus service network (BRT), with Line 5 planned to cover about 10.5 km, featuring 13 stations, a depot, and intelligent traffic management systems. This project is being funded by the Export-Import Bank of Korea with 59 million USD, and work has started, though progress remains gradual. Kenya Railways has only recently begun recruiting consultants for the project, seeking expertise in areas such as electrification, civil engineering, signaling, and urban development around stations. These consultations are expected to start in December 2026 and last for about two years. The success of Nairobi's transport transformation will depend not just on individual projects but on the integration of rail, BRT, and supporting services. Effective coordination between these initiatives, improvements in urban transport governance, and the ability to maintain consistent service are crucial to creating a sustainable alternative to private vehicles and informal road transport. As the city moves forward, the focus will be on ensuring that these investments lead to a more efficient, connected, and environmentally friendly transport system.